What does the term "malfeasance in office" refer to?

The term "malfeasance in office" specifically refers to actions performed by a public official that are unlawful or improper, particularly when those actions are taken with bad intent. This concept is rooted in the legal distinction between lawful and unlawful acts carried out by public officials. Malfeasance differs from misfeasance, which refers to the improper performance of a lawful act, and nonfeasance, which indicates a failure to perform an act that one is obligated to perform.

In this context, option A is the correct interpretation because it captures the essence of malfeasance: actions taken by officials that are not just misguided, but are also done with malicious intent or in violation of the law. This could involve bribery, corruption, or other forms of misconduct directly related to one's official duties. Understanding this term helps clarify the legal responsibilities and expectations placed on public officials and highlights the severity of such actions within governmental operations.