What serves as a check on the powers of administrative agencies?

Administrative agencies operate with considerable authority in implementing and enforcing specific regulations and policies. However, various mechanisms exist to ensure that their powers are not exercised unchecked, promoting accountability and transparency.

Public opinion plays a crucial role as it can influence both the actions of agencies and the political landscape. When the public expresses dissatisfaction with an agency's operations, it can lead to changes in leadership, policy, or even the agency's existence.

Judicial review is another important check. Courts have the authority to review the actions of administrative agencies to ensure that they comply with statutory requirements and constitutional provisions. This judicial oversight serves as a safeguard against arbitrary or unlawful actions taken by agencies.

Legislative oversight further strengthens accountability. Legislatures have the power to hold hearings, request reports, and pass legislation that can modify or restrict the activities of administrative agencies. By exercising oversight, lawmakers can ensure that agencies operate within their designated authority and serve the public interest effectively.

All these mechanisms—public opinion, judicial review, and legislative oversight—work in concert to check the powers of administrative agencies, ensuring responsible governance and adherence to the rule of law. Thus, the answer indicating that all of these factors serve as checks is comprehensive and accurately reflects the various dimensions of accountability in administrative law.